(\u00ab\u00a0Dialogue social, comp\u00e9tences et COVID-19\u00a0\u00bb)<\/em> indique que la pand\u00e9mie a mis en \u00e9vidence et intensifi\u00e9 les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s sous-jacentes, et qu\u2019elle a des r\u00e9percussions disproportionn\u00e9es sur les groupes vuln\u00e9rables d\u00e9j\u00e0 en proie \u00e0 la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9, tels que la main-d\u2019\u0153uvre peu qualifi\u00e9e, les travailleurs du secteur informel, les jeunes et les femmes.<\/p>\nLe rapport affirme que le dialogue social et la n\u00e9gociation collective ont un r\u00f4le primordial \u00e0 jouer dans la reconstruction d\u2019une \u00e9conomie plus durable dans laquelle les fruits de la croissance sont redistribu\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019ensemble de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/p>\n
Les accords entre entreprises, organisations syndicales et pouvoirs publics ont souvent jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le important dans la mise en place des dispositifs de ch\u00f4mage partiel destin\u00e9s \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les revenus et les entreprises pendant les mesures de confinement. Ces accords ont \u00e9t\u00e9 articul\u00e9s essentiellement autour de l\u2019engagement des employeurs \u00e0 ne pas licencier leurs salari\u00e9s, contre l\u2019acceptation par les syndicats d\u2019une r\u00e9duction du temps de travail et des salaires, les pouvoirs publics intervenant dans un deuxi\u00e8me temps par des prestations ou des subventions salariales destin\u00e9es \u00e0 compenser les pertes de salaire.<\/p>\n
Ce type d\u2019accord peut contribuer \u00e0 renforcer la confiance des consommateurs en maintenant les travailleurs dans leur emploi et en pr\u00e9servant leurs revenus. Le rapport examine l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 de ces dispositifs dans un certain nombre de pays, parmi lesquels l\u2019Allemagne, l\u2019Italie et la France. Au Danemark, les mesures de maintien dans l\u2019emploi ont permis de limiter la hausse du taux de ch\u00f4mage \u00e0 0.1 point de pourcentage entre f\u00e9vrier et mai 2020. En Cor\u00e9e, les partenaires sociaux ont d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de rehausser de 63 % \u00e0 75 % l\u2019aide au maintien dans l\u2019emploi et de l\u2019assortir de mesures suppl\u00e9mentaires de soutien d\u2019urgence en faveur des petites entreprises et des travailleurs en contrat atypique.<\/p>\n
Le rapport souligne l\u2019importance d\u2019associer l\u2019ensemble des partenaires sociaux pour instaurer des conditions de travail s\u00fbres pendant la pand\u00e9mie, sp\u00e9cialement dans un contexte o\u00f9 les salari\u00e9s risquent, individuellement, d\u2019\u00eatre encore moins enclins \u00e0 exprimer leurs pr\u00e9occupations en ces temps de crise, de crainte de perdre leur emploi. Le dialogue social offre un cadre qui permet de mieux appr\u00e9hender leurs pr\u00e9occupations et de n\u00e9gocier des solutions \u00e9quilibr\u00e9es.<\/p>\n
Pr\u00e9sentant le rapport aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s du Directeur de l\u2019OIT Guy Ryder et de la ministre su\u00e9doise du Commerce ext\u00e9rieur Anna Hallberg, le Secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de l’OCDE Angel Gurr\u00eda a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 : \u00ab\u00a0Le dialogue social a fa\u00e7onn\u00e9 les politiques qui ont soutenu les travailleurs et l\u2019\u00e9conomie, contribuant \u00e0 renforcer la confiance pendant la crise. L\u2019importance du dialogue social ne se limite pas \u00e0 la gestion imm\u00e9diate de la crise. Il permet \u00e9galement aux pays de tenir leurs engagements dans le cadre de l\u2019Agenda 2030 des Nations Unies et de se pr\u00e9parer aux \u00e9volutions mondiales, comme la num\u00e9risation, la mondialisation et le changement climatique\u00a0\u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\n\u00c9tant donn\u00e9 que bon nombre des travailleurs \u00ab en premi\u00e8re ligne \u00bb, essentiels en cette p\u00e9riode de crise, per\u00e7oivent des salaires peu \u00e9lev\u00e9s, \u00e0 l\u2019image des salari\u00e9s des secteurs de la sant\u00e9 ou de l\u2019agroalimentaire, ou des caissiers de supermarch\u00e9s, la fixation de salaires minimums convenables, par la l\u00e9gislation et\/ou par la n\u00e9gociation collective, et la prise de d\u00e9cisions \u00e9quilibr\u00e9es par le dialogue social peuvent permettre d\u2019am\u00e9liorer les niveaux de vie. La justice et l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 iront dans le sens d\u2019un march\u00e9 du travail plus r\u00e9silient et d\u2019une reprise \u00e9conomique plus forte, indique le rapport.<\/p>\n
Au-del\u00e0 des d\u00e9fis pos\u00e9s par la crise du COVID-19, les march\u00e9s du travail doivent en outre s\u2019adapter aux mutations technologiques, qui cr\u00e9ent une demande de nouvelles comp\u00e9tences. Le rapport affirme que la clart\u00e9 de l\u2019action publique et des dispositifs est n\u00e9cessaire pour promouvoir la formation continue et le d\u00e9veloppement des comp\u00e9tences. Le dialogue social s\u2019impose aux niveaux national et sectoriel, et aussi dans les entreprises, et la participation des travailleurs aux prises de d\u00e9cisions peut permettre de susciter leur adh\u00e9sion effective aux programmes de d\u00e9veloppement des comp\u00e9tences.<\/p>\n
Source: OCDE – OIT – Global Deal<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Le dialogue social entre les employeurs, les travailleurs et les pouvoirs publics peut jouer un r\u00f4le essentiel dans la gestion des cons\u00e9quences de la crise du COVID-19 sur le lieu de travail et rec\u00e8le un fort potentiel pour que soient […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[65,10],"tags":[92,332,1177,3212,544,772,584,110],"yoast_head":"\n
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