{"id":158,"date":"2014-09-03T15:36:22","date_gmt":"2014-09-03T13:36:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.peoplesphere.be\/wp\/?p=158"},"modified":"2014-10-03T14:45:49","modified_gmt":"2014-10-03T12:45:49","slug":"emploi-la-reprise-sera-faible-en-2015-selon-locde","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/peoplesphere.be\/fr\/emploi-la-reprise-sera-faible-en-2015-selon-locde\/","title":{"rendered":"Emploi &#8211; La reprise sera faible en 2015, selon l\u2019OCDE"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"chapeau\">Le nouveau rapport de l\u2019OCDE n\u2019offre pas de perspective r\u00e9jouissante sur le plan de l\u2019emploi! Il ressort en effet d\u2019un nouveau rapport de l\u2019OCDE que le ch\u00f4mage restera bien au-dessus des niveaux d\u2019avant la crise dans la plupart des pays membres, malgr\u00e9 un recul modeste sur le reste de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2014 et en 2015.<!--more--><\/div>\n<p>L\u2019\u00e9dition 2014 des Perspectives de l\u2019emploi pr\u00e9cise que le taux de ch\u00f4mage moyen devrait diminuer l\u00e9g\u00e8rement au cours des 18 prochains mois dans la zone OCDE, passant de 7,4 % au milieu de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2014 \u00e0 7,1 % \u00e0 la fin 2015 (il se situe pour la Belgique \u00e0 8,4% au premier trimestre 2014). Pr\u00e8s de 45 millions de personnes sont sans emploi dans les pays de l&rsquo;OCDE, soit 12,1 millions de plus qu\u2019avant la crise. On estime \u00e0 202 millions le nombre de ch\u00f4meurs dans le monde, et les emplois faiblement r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s et pr\u00e9caires sont encore bien plus nombreux.<\/p>\n<p>Le rapport analyse \u00e9galement les cons\u00e9quences de la crise sur les salaires et montre que la progression des salaires r\u00e9els est quasiment nulle depuis 2009 et que les salaires ont m\u00eame recul\u00e9 de 2 % \u00e0 5 % par an en moyenne dans certains pays, notamment en Espagne, en Gr\u00e8ce, en Irlande et au Portugal.<\/p>\n<p>Toute l\u2019\u00e9chelle des salaires est touch\u00e9e par ce fl\u00e9chissement, mais le rapport souligne que la progression plus lente des salaires r\u00e9els et la diminution des salaires dans certains cas entra\u00eenent de graves difficult\u00e9s pour les travailleurs faiblement r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 l\u2019occasion de la pr\u00e9sentation \u00e0 Paris des Perspectives de l\u2019emploi, M. Angel Gurr\u00eda, Secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de l\u2019OCDE, rappelle que \u00ab Si les baisses de salaire ont aid\u00e9 \u00e0 limiter les pertes d\u2019emploi et \u00e0 restaurer la comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 des pays qui connaissaient des d\u00e9ficits importants avant la crise, de nouvelles r\u00e9ductions pourraient \u00eatre contreproductives et ne stimuler ni les emplois ni la demande. Les gouvernements de tous les pays, y compris des grandes \u00e9conomies \u00e9mergentes, doivent s\u2019employer en priorit\u00e9 \u00e0 renforcer la croissance \u00e9conomique. Pour y parvenir, le meilleur moyen consiste \u00e0 mener des r\u00e9formes structurelles en vue de favoriser la concurrence sur les march\u00e9s de produits et de services et, ainsi, d\u2019accro\u00eetre l\u2019investissement, la productivit\u00e9, l\u2019emploi, les salaires et le bien-\u00eatre. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Les dirigeants doivent veiller en particulier \u00e0 ce que les \u00e9ventuels ajustements salariaux futurs ne se concentrent pas sur les bas-salaires. Cela vaut \u00e9galement pour les pays o\u00f9 le ch\u00f4mage a beaucoup baiss\u00e9 depuis la crise, comme par exemple en Allemagne ou aux \u00c9tats-Unis, o\u00f9 la part des bas-salaires d\u00e9passe la moyenne de l\u2019OCDE et concerne respectivement un cinqui\u00e8me et un quart des travailleurs.<\/p>\n<p>Le salaire minimum obligatoire, qui est ou va \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9 dans 26 pays de l\u2019OCDE et dans plusieurs \u00e9conomies \u00e9mergentes, ainsi que les compl\u00e9ments de revenu d\u2019activit\u00e9, peuvent aider \u00e0 soutenir les revenus des travailleurs faiblement r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>Le rapport souligne enfin que le ch\u00f4mage de longue dur\u00e9e, s\u2019il a probablement atteint un pic, n\u2019en reste pas moins une pr\u00e9occupation majeure. Un peu plus de 16 millions de personnes \u2013 soit plus d\u2019un ch\u00f4meur sur trois \u2013 \u00e9tait sans emploi depuis au moins 12 mois au premier trimestre 2014, un chiffre qui a doubl\u00e9 depuis le d\u00e9but de la crise.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019OCDE rappelle que dans les pays les plus durement touch\u00e9s, notamment en Europe du sud, cette situation a entra\u00een\u00e9 une hausse du ch\u00f4mage structurel qu\u2019une reprise \u00e9conomique ne suffira pas forc\u00e9ment \u00e0 inverser. Les dirigeants doivent privil\u00e9gier les mesures aidant les ch\u00f4meurs de longue dur\u00e9e \u00e0 retrouver un emploi, \u00e0 travers des programmes plus personnalis\u00e9s d\u2019aide \u00e0 la recherche d\u2019emploi et de formation.<\/p>\n<p>En 2015, l\u2019\u00e9volution du ch\u00f4mage sera tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rente selon les pays. Certains verront le ch\u00f4mage reculer tout en restant \u00e0 un niveau tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9, comme l\u2019Espagne (autour de 24 %) et la Gr\u00e8ce (environ 27 %), tandis que dans la zone euro, le taux de ch\u00f4mage passera de 11,6 % au milieu de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2014 \u00e0 11,2 % \u00e0 la fin 2015. Il restera sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 10 % en Italie, au Portugal, en Slovaquie et en Slov\u00e9nie, alors qu\u2019il devrait passer sous la barre des 5 % en Autriche, en Allemagne, en Cor\u00e9e, en Islande, au Japon, au Mexique, en Norv\u00e8ge et en Suisse d\u2019ici la fin 2015.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le nouveau rapport de l\u2019OCDE n\u2019offre pas de perspective r\u00e9jouissante sur le plan de l\u2019emploi! Il ressort en effet d\u2019un nouveau rapport de l\u2019OCDE que le ch\u00f4mage restera bien au-dessus des niveaux d\u2019avant la crise dans la plupart des pays [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[65],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Emploi - La reprise sera faible en 2015, selon l\u2019OCDE - Peoplesphere<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/peoplesphere.be\/fr\/emploi-la-reprise-sera-faible-en-2015-selon-locde\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Emploi - La reprise sera faible en 2015, selon l\u2019OCDE - Peoplesphere\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le nouveau rapport de l\u2019OCDE n\u2019offre pas de perspective r\u00e9jouissante sur le plan de l\u2019emploi! 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